Portable artificial respirator



1965 J. A. ARECHETA MOTA 3,216,413

PORTABLE ARTIFI C IAL RESPIRATOR Filed Oct. 4, 1962 INVENTOR. JUAN A.AREZCHETA MOTA ATTORNEYS W m M United States Patent 3,216,413 PORTABLEARTIFICIAL RESPIRATOR Juan Andrs Arecheta Mota, Ercilla 22, Bilbao,Spain Filed Oct. 4, 1962, Ser. No. 228,469 Claims priority, applicationSpain Oct. 24, 1961 4 Claims. (Cl. 128-29) This invention concerns aportable apparatus consisting of a single assembly for giving by handand by one person, artificial respiration in open circuit, with positiveand negative pressure, adapting it directly by means of a mask or ofendotracheal tubing to persons suifering from drowning, electrocution,asphyxiation, etc., it being likewise possible to introduce gaseousmixtures by this means.

The invention responds to the requirements of modern medicine, limitingthe maximum pressure and vacuum to something approximating cmS. and10cms. of a column of water, it being possible to introduce into orextract from the lungs a satisfactory quantity of air, over 500 cc.,which is normal. It is possible to handle the portable device with shortinstruction, and by any person without medical knowledge, at a rate of12 to 16 times per minute, whilst the victim is in situation of supinedecubitus, head inclined backwards, lower maxillary towards the frontand mouth half open.

The extraction of air is even more necessary in those cases when it isnecessary to alternate artificial respiration with heart massage.

This emergency apparatus, besides being portable, utilizes a group ofcomponents which together form one single assembly without hose and areable to be applied directly to the victim.

In accordance with medical requirements laid down, the apparatus mustconsist of two recipients of variable volume, one for supplying theintake of fresh air and the other for extraction of foul air, withoutany possibility existing of their being mixed with each other. Theremust also be a valve for limiting pressure and another for limitingvacuum. A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in theaccompanying drawing as an example only. The single figure of thedrawing is a diagrammatic vertical section view as will now be describedin the following description.

Description Essentially speaking, there are two bellows made of elasticmaterial, parts 1 and 2, whose cross-section is illustrated in thediagram. They are concentrically situated, one inside the other, withtheir end parts held by an upper shelf, part 3, and a lower shelf, part4, which also carry the corresponding valves.

The variable volume 26 is composed of the interior of the bellows 1 andshelves, or plates 3 and 4, and is to be used for the intake of freshair.

The volume 27 is made up by the space between the outside of the bellows-1 and the inside of the bellows 2, the same shelves 3 and 4 limitingtheir extremities. This device is for the extraction of foul air.

The bellows will be of cross-section similar to that shown in thediagram, their upper and lower surfaces finishing in a reinforcedsection, parts 5, 6, 7, and 8, that will remain situated in the groovingwhich, for this purpose, is provided on the shelves.

The upper shelf will carry some free-pitch valves for one direction,parts '9, which by means of holes have free communication from theatmosphere to the volume 26. They will also carry other free-pitchvalves 10 that allow of free communication from the volume 27 to theatmosphere.

A drilled plate, part 11, is placed on the upper shelf 3,215,413Patented Nov. 9, 1965 to serve as protection for the valves, and also abreathing filter. Part 12 is a bottom of the T-shaped tubing, closed onthe end 13, and open at 14, for the intake of fresh air. Part -12 ispreferably mounted above plate 11 by screws.

lThiS T-shaped tubing also has as one of its objectives to serve as ahandle for working the apparatus. Its extremity 14, somewhat longer,allows of a hose being plugged in should it be found necessary tointroduce gaseous mixtures.

For constructional reasons, due to the over-all dimensions of theapparatus, the front valves, parts 9, and the valve parts 10 have beenduplicated for the purpose of reducing as much as possible loss duringthe passage of air. For the same reasons, the valves that we describe inthe following lines have also been duplicated and placed on the lowershelf, part 4.

This shelf, apart from providing space for the extremities of thebellows, has in its central part, corresponding to the space numbered'26, two valves for over pressure, parts 15, in order to communicate thevolume 26 with the mask, when the former has a greater pressure than 10cms. of a column of water.

The shelf also caries the excess-pressure valves 16, that permit thecommunication of the air from the mask with the volume 27, when itspressure exceeds 10 cms. of a column of water.

Each of these valves placed on the lower shelving has a drilled shieldfor potection purposes, part 17.

Each excess-pressure valve, 15 and '16 has, at one side of the valve, astream and a spring mounted thereon, with a nut which allows of thespring being graduated or adjusted to the aforementioned pressure.

Bearing in mind that the extraction of foul air must be done through themedium of the excess-pressure valve parts 16 and that the volume of thecollector tube, mask, mouthpiece and trachea is slightly more than 200cm. the volume 27 will be slightly greater than the volume 26.

A tube collector of semicircular section, part 1 will be screwed underthe lower shelf. It collects and sends the air that passes though thevalves, and is connected with the mask via the cental tube 19, which isthreaded on the outside.

The mask will be aflixed to the apparatus by means of the thead justmentioned and an elastic joint, part 20. Its lower part is adaptable tothe face of the victim, will have a thick flange part 21 made of softeror spongy material.

A thin membrane made of elastic material 22 will be placed on thelateral surface and this will allow of controlling the operation of theapparatus, due to its alternative convexity and concavity.

The mask is crossed in its interior by the bracket 23 which holds thetongue parts 24 which must remain between the upper and lower teeth ofthe victim.

The mask will have some connecting links whereby two somewhat elasticbelts may be fixed that, hugging closely the nape of the neck of thevictim, allow of the apparatus being firmly held, so that if one handshould be engaged in the handle 12, the other is free for the purpose ofmaintaining the lower maxillary of the victim in a forward position, astep that is indispensable in order to establish free means ofcommunication between the mouth and the air tubing.

The mask may be replaced by an adaptor which, threaded into the tube 19then permits an ordinary endotracheal tube to be plugged in so that, incase the apparatus should be used by a doctor, a minimum degree ofperformance may be obtained from its use.

Operation The apparatus being in the open position, as shown in thedrawing, and probably held over the patient by means mospheric pressurewith the formers pressure equal to cms. of a column of water, thenvalves 16 will be opened which would allow of free travel across thevalves 10, so limiting the maximum pressure in the respiratory passagesof the patient.

At the same time, the air volume 27 will have escaped by valves 10.

During the following course of extension of the bellows, valves areclosed and the volume 26 is fil'led freely by means of valves 9.

Meanwhile, the volume 27 is experiencing a growing lessening of pressureand, when this reaches the fixed value of 10 cms. of a column of waterless than the pres sure of the mask, valves 16 are opened, extractingthe air from the patient. If the vacuum should exceed the value of 10cms. of a column of water below the atmospheric pressure, valves -15should be opened, so limiting this depression. During the next extensionmovement, the

volume 26 should be filled once more with fresh air,

expelling the foul air from the volume 27 through the medium of valves10.

The materials to be employed may be of a diverse nature, providing thatthey can be sterilised in an autoclave without suffering apparentdeformation or alteration of characteristics.

The form described of the valves does not affect essentially theinvention, as they may well be constructed in varying forms.Nevertheless, the quantity of these valves is independent of theinvention, although in the description given, the quantity in respect ofeach function has been doubled, which means in consequence that theplacing of those on the lower shelf is permutable with those on thehigher shelf.

The apparatus may also be modified to use the space between the twobellows for the introduction of fresh air :and the enclosure of theinterior bellows for the extraction of foul air.

The mask, although not constituting the principal component of theinvention, requires the special arrangement described in the foregoing.

What I claim is: 1 I

1. A portable artificial respirator constituting one single unit to bemanipulated by hand by one single person and adapted to be directly tiedto the face of the person being resuscitated, comprising two tubularbellows having corrugated walls of elastic material both closed at theirends by a single upper and single lower plate, a first free-pitch valveand a first graduated valve in said upper and lower plates respectivelyfor admitting fresh air to 'and from one bellows, a second free-pitchvalve and a dish-shaped cover underlying and secured to said lowerplate, said cover providing a chamber communicating with said graduatedvalves, a mask for securement to the mouth 4 of a person to beresuscitated removably secured to said cover without an interveninghose, said mask and cover having communicating passageways, said maskincluding an elastic thin membrane forming a part of its wall which isrhythmically movable by the air pressure differences to permitobservation and control of the working air pressure within the mask, anda handle afiixed to the upper plate for manually pumping the bellows.

2. A portable artificial respirator constituting a single unit to bemanipulated by hand by a single person and adapted to be directly tiedto the face of the person being resuscitated, comprising two tubularbellows having cor rugated wall-s of elastic material both closed attheir ends by a single upper and single lower plate, a first free-pitchvalve and a first graduated valve in said upper and lower platesrespectively for admitting fresh fluid to and from one bellows, a secondfree-pitch valve and a second graduated valve in said upper and lowerplates respectively for admitting foul fluid to and from said otherbellows, said first and second graduated valves serving to limitpositive and negative fluid pressure in both bellows, a dishshaped coverunderlying and secured to said lower plate, said cover providing achamber communicating with said graduated valves, a mask for securementto the mouth of a person to be resuscitated removably secured to saidcover without an intervening hose, said mask and cover havingcommunicating passageway-s, a handle afilxed to the upper plate formanually pumping the bellows, said handle being hollow and of T-sha-peto provide a passageway therethrough open at one end for inlet of freshfluid and communicating at the other end with said free-pitch valve inthe upper plate to admit fresh fluid to said one bellows.

3. A portable artificial respirator according to claim 2 wherein saidtubular bellows are coaxi-ally mounted between said upper and lowerplates, said upper plate having an inward tubular extension adapted toact as a filter holding tube and extending into said one bellows andclosed at the bottom except for openings controlled by said free pitchvalves, said tubular extension at the top communicating with said hollowhandle and forming part of a path for fresh fluid through said handlepassageway and free-pitch valve.

4. A portable artificial respirator according to claim 2 wherein each ofsaid bellows at each end is provided with an enlarged, reinforced rim ofthe same elastic material, said rims fitting under pressure owing totheir elasticity within grooves provided in the edges of both upper andlower plates to hermetically seal the bellows.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 24,193 8/56Emerson 128-29 1,197,232 9/ 16 Pierpont 1-2829 1,266,6'24 5/18 Ramsay128-29 2,063,043 12/36 McKesson 128--29 2,280,050 4/42 Alexander 128292,427,419 9/47 Rausch 128-29 3,091,236 5/63 Delbert 12829 3,106,20410/63 Paramelle 12-8-29 I FOREIGN PATENTS 1,237,217 6/60 France.

RICHARD A. GAUDET, Primary Examiner.

1. A PROTABLE ARTIFICAL RESPIRTOR CONSTITUTING ONE SINGLE UNIT TO BEMANIPULATED BY HAND BY ONE SINGLE PERSON AND ADAPTED TO BE DIRECTLY TIEDTO THE FACE OF THE PERSON BEING RESUSCITATED, COMPRISING TWO TUBULARBELLOWS HAVING CORRUGATED WALLS OF ELEASTIC MATERIAL BOTH CLOSED ATTHEIR ENDS BY A SINGLE UPPER AND SINGLE LOWER PLATE, A FIRST FREE PICTHVALVE AND A FIRST GRADUATED VALVE IN SAID UPPER AND LOWER PLATESRESPECTIVELY FOR ADMITTING FRESH AIR TO AND FROM ONE BELLOWS, A SECONDFREE-PITCH VALVE AND A SECOND GRADUATED VALVE IN SAID UPPER AND LOWERPLATES RESPECTIVELY FOR ADMITTING FOUL AIR TO AND FROM SAID OTHERBELLOWS, SAID FIRST AND SECOND GRADUATED VALVES SERVING TO LIMITPOSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AIR PRESSURE IN BOTH BELLOWS, A DISH-SHAPED COVERUNDERLYING AND SECURED TO SAID LOWER PLATE, SAID COVER PROVIDING ACHAMBER COMMUNICATING WITH SAID GRADUATED VALVES, A MASK FOR SECUREMENTTO THE MOUTH OF A PERSON TO BE RESUSCIATATED REMOVABLY SECURED TO SAIDCOVER WITHOUT AN INTERVENING HOSE, SAID MASK AND COVER HAVINGCOMMUNICATING PASSAGEWAYS, SAID MASK INCLUDING AN ELASTIC THIN MEMBRANEFORMING A PART OF ITS WALL WHICH IS RHYTHMICALLY MOVABLY BY THE AIRPRESSURE DIFFERENCES TO PERMIT OBSERVATION AND CONTROL OF THE WORKINGAIR PRESSURE WITHIN THE MASK, AND A HANDLE AFFIXED TO THE UPPER PLATEFROM MANUALLY PUMPING THE BELLOWS.